What are Whiteflies
Whiteflies are small, white-colored insects that feed on plants. They feed by sucking the sap out of leaves, which can cause the leaves to become pale yellow and brittle. Whiteflies are a common garden and farm pest, typically found on vegetables such as kale and other cruciferous crops. They can cause an increase in the amount of webbing on leaves, which can impede photosynthesis and fruiting.
Whiteflies reproduce quickly, and a single female can lay hundreds of eggs on the underside of kale leaves. Once the eggs hatch, they will begin to feed on the plant, sucking out the sap and weakening it. If left unchecked, whiteflies can easily kill an entire crop.
How to Identify Whiteflies
Whiteflies are small, soft-bodied insects that measure around 1/16th of an inch long, with four transparent wings lying flat on their backs. They tend to appear more yellow when viewed from beneath. Whiteflies are usually found in groups gathered on the underside of leaves. They can also be identified by the white residue they excrete after feeding.
How to Prevent Whiteflies
The best way to prevent whiteflies is to keep plants healthy with good nutrition and water. Make sure to rotate your crops to avoid soil-based pests, and regularly inspect your plants for signs of whiteflie populations. If you’re growing kale in the same area, thin your kale stands during the late summer and fall to reduce the possibility of a whitefly infestation. You can also use traps, such as yellow sticky traps, to catch the adult whiteflies and keep the population low.
Natural Strategies to Get Rid of Whiteflies
The first step in getting rid of whiteflies is to remove any infested leaves. Then, use natural strategies such as hosing down the plants with a strong jet of water. This will knock off most of the whiteflies and larvae. Insecticidal soaps can be used to eliminate remaining whiteflies on the leaves, but be sure to use a non-toxic soap that does not contain any harmful chemicals.
Neem oil is another natural option for controlling whiteflies. Neem oil is derived from the neem tree, and has properties that are toxic to whiteflies, but safe for humans and other animals. Apply the neem oil solution directly to the leaves of the infested plants and reapply every three to four days until the whiteflies have been eliminated.
Chemical Strategies to Get Rid of Whiteflies
If natural strategies fail, chemical insecticides may be necessary. Chemical insecticides should only be used as a last resort, as they can be harmful to humans and animals. Imidacloprid is an effective chemical insecticide that can be used to control whiteflies. Follow the instructions on the label when applying the insecticide, and remember to wear appropriate protective gear.
Predators of Whiteflies
In addition to natural and chemical solutions, there are also some beneficial insects that can be used to control whitefly populations. The Encarsia formosa is a type of parasitic wasp that feeds on whitefly eggs and larvae. Lady beetles and lacewings also feed on whiteflies and can be used to naturally reduce the population.
Crop Rotation and Companion Planting
Crop rotation and companion planting are two additional strategies that can be used to keep whitefly numbers down. Crop rotation involves planting different crops in different locations, which can reduce the number of pests in the area. Companion planting involves planting certain companion plants next to your kale that can help repel whiteflies, such as marigolds, basil, and garlic.
Cultural Strategies to Get Rid of Whiteflies
In addition to natural strategies, cultural strategies can also be used to control whiteflies. Placing reflective materials, such as aluminum foil or other reflective materials, on the ground around the plants will confuse whiteflies, causing them to move away from the plant. Ensuring that your plants are well watered and fertilized is also important, as stressed plants are more vulnerable to attacks from whiteflies and other pests.
Insecticidal Sprays to Get Rid of Whiteflies
If natural and cultural strategies aren’t working, insecticidal sprays can be used to get rid of whiteflies. Insecticidal sprays should be used carefully, and only in extreme cases. Pyrethrins are a type of insecticidal spray that can be used to control whiteflies, but make sure to read the instructions on the label carefully and wear protective gear when spraying.
Summary
Whiteflies are a common garden and farm pest, typically found on vegetables such as kale and other cruciferous crops. Natural strategies such as hosing down the plants with a strong jet of water, using insecticidal soaps and neem oil, and releasing beneficial insects can help to naturally control whitefly populations. If necessary, chemical insecticides can be used to get rid of whiteflies, but should only be used as a last resort. Cultural strategies such as placing reflective materials and ensuring your plants are well watered and fertilized are also important for controlling whiteflies.
